Specific targeting is required for older adults living in rural areas who are less likely to benefit from the old-age exemption policy in spite of being eligible. Additionally, the policy is not reaching those who need it most, particularly those living in rural areas. Conclusions These findings indicate that the old-age exemption policy is not achieving the intended goal of providing financial risk protection for some older adults. Also, older adults who are living in rural areas were more likely to pay premiums rather than being exempt as compared to their counterparts living in urban areas. Additionally, increasing age was associated with higher odds of reporting exemption from paying premiums for health insurance. Results The results reveal that only about 43% of older adults who were enrolled on the NHIS at the time of the survey acquired their membership through the old-age exemption policy. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used in analysing data from a sample of 1532 older adults aged 70 years and older. Methods The study used data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) conducted in 2017. This study examined socio-demographic factors associated with old-age premium exemption under Ghana’s NHIS. Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) is one of the few programmes in Africa that exempts older adults from paying premiums for health insurance. Only a few African countries have implemented SHI programmes that include specific provisions for older adults. Child labour and education in India and Bangladesh.Abstract Background Despite calls for governments to provide universal health coverage for all, social health insurance programmes (SHI) that specifically target older adults continue to be largely absent in many African countries.Child labour and social protection in Africa.Gender-responsive & age-sensitive social protection.Social protection in humanitarian settings.Methodological briefs on evidence synthesis.In 2019, 135 million people in 55 countries were in food crises or worse, and 2 billion people did not have regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. COVID-19 has exacerbated these hardships and may result in an additional 121 million people facing acute food insecurity by the end of 2020.
Further, since the beginning of the pandemic, an estimated 1.6 billion learners in 199 countries worldwide were affected by school closures, with nearly 370 million children not receiving a school meal in 150 countries. The paper presents the evidence on the potential negative short-term and long-term effects of school meal scheme disruption during Covid-19 globally. It shows how vulnerable the children participating in these schemes are, how coping and mitigation measures are often only short-term solutions, and how prioritizing school re-opening is critical. For instance, it highlights how girls are at greater risk of not being in school or of being taken out of school early, which may lead to poor nutrition and health for themselves and their children. However, well-designed school feeding programmes have been shown to enable catch-up from early growth failure and other negative shocks. As such, once schools re-open, school meal schemes can help address the deprivation that children have experienced during the closures and provide an incentive for parents to send and keep their children, especially girls, in school.Īn accumulation of research across hundreds of studies shows the benefits of quality early childhood care and education for children’s later learning, school success and social development. In recognition of the value of providing early learning opportunities, many nations have expanded early childhood care and education in recent years. Lavastuslik saade, autorid Mart Normet ja Ren Vilbre, tikid: Pilveke - Rita Maastik, Jnx - Mai Lill ja Jack - Nele Fidelia Pajuste. Mexico provides an interesting case in which expansion of early childhood care and education has occurred in the past 5 years, as have initiatives to improve quality and revise the national curriculum for pre-schoolers. This paper examines three policy initiatives that occurred in Mexico between 20 - preschool expansion, quality improvement and curricular reform.
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